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The First Nations of Ontario depicts the historical transitions and the contemporary economic and social conditions of the Indigenous population in Ontario. The book begins with an archaeological overview of the culture and traditions of Indigenous communities, and then examines the first stages of colonialism, outlines the treaty-making process in Ontario, and analyzes the challenges First Nations communities continue to face in present society. These challenges include: neo-colonial trends; limited access to resource development; the economic difficulties of living on reserves; out-migration; and the continued enforcement of the Indian Act. Topics are considered within the larger contemporary context of Indigenous issues in Canada and the complexities of restorative justice. This rich and accessible text is suitable for first and second year Anthropology and Indigenous Studies courses. Features: foreword by John Steckley the preface profiles 17 notable First Nations individuals chapters include discussion questions and lists of suggested readings and websites