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This text analyzes and compares shifts in patterns of industrial relations across late-industrializing and post-socialist economies. The volume features essays on distinct responses to common economic pressures associated with "globalization" as unions in late-developing countries engaged in economic liberalization and as unions in post-socialist economies cope with the dismantling of command economies. The authors reveal that globalization has weakened organized labour, they also show that distinct national and regional labour institutions persist despite similar economic adjustment measures. Globalization may even facilitate variation in the pattern of labour relations, at national, local, and workplace levels, within and across late-industrializing and post-socialist settings.