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About The Book:- Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls of many societies worldwide. Although males seem to have dominated in many ancient cultures, there are some exceptions. During the 19th century some women began to ask for, demand, and then agitate and demonstrate for the right to vote, the right to participate in their government and its law making. In the subsequent decades women's rights again became an important issue in the English speaking world. By the 1960s the movement was called feminism. In 1946 the United Nations established a Commission on the Status of Women. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948, enshrines "the equal rights of men and women", and addressed both the equality and equity issues. The present book highlights, considers and discusses various contemporary issues of women rights. It is hoped that the present edition of this book will be beneficial to all concerned of the society, in general and students, lawyers, advocates, academicians, human rights institutions, researchers and NGOs working in women rights field, in particular., About The Author:-Dr. Sukanta Sarkar (MA, UGC-NET, PHD is working as Assistant Professor in Faculty of Management Studies, ICFAI University, Agartala Tripura, India. He did bachalor and master degree in Economics from Tripura University. He was awarded doctorate degree for his research work on socio-economic changes of rubber tappers in Tripura He qualified UGC-NET Exam in December/2006. He presented many research papers in various seminars, conferences and symposiums. Various research papers have been published in foreign and national journals. He also previously worked as visiting lecturer in National Institute of Technology, Agartala and Tripura University. He has research interest in various topics like agricultural crisis, rural development, women empowerment, sustainable development and social problems. He has authored books relating to Corruption, Human trafficking, Orphan children, Rubber plantation, Corporate social responsibility, Handicraft workers, Deforestation, Environmental pollution, Agrarian economics, Illegal trafficking, Environmental Science, Autonomous District Council & Tribal Welfare and Social security. Dr. Manaswini Patra is presently working as Librarian I/c at R.P.Padhy Library, Berhampur University, Odisha. She received her MLISC from Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, PGDLAN from IGNOU, New Delhi and Ph.D from Berhampur University. Dr. Patra has more than 08 years of experience in Library Administration and Management. She has participated and presented papers in more than 20 nos. of National & International conferences, seminars, symposia and workshops also published 25 nos. articles in different national and international referred Journals and published 5 nos. of books. Her areas of interest include Library Networking, application ICT in Libraries and Information Management. Contents Preface 9 Acknowledgements 11 Introduction 13 Abbreviations 17 Part I: Preservation of Women Rights 1. Status of Indian Women 23 Introduction •Indian Women during British Period •Prostitution in Colonial India •Social Upgrading of Women during British Period •Women Education during the British Period •Role of Women in Indian Freedom Movement •Women Empowerment since Independence •Women Rights in India •Role of Women in Indian Politics •Conclusion 2. Constitution of India 39 Introduction •Significance of Constitution •Preamble of Constitution •Fundamental Rights •Constitutional Protection •Protection of Human Rights •Conclusion 3. Women Rights 49 Introduction •What are Women’s Rights? •Women’s Rights Movement •Role of United Nations UN Women •Women Rights in India •Challenges before Women •Conclusion 4. Women Empowerment 61 Introduction •Meaning of the Concept •Importance of Empowerment •Missing Women •Women Empowerment in India •Policies for Women Empowerment •National Mission for Empowerment of Women •Women’s Empowerment Principles •Women Empowerment and Economic Development •Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index •Constrains before Women Empowerment •Conclusion 5. Women Entrepreneurship 79 Introduction •Meaning of the Concept •Importance of Women Entrepreneurs •Factors Influencing Women Entrepreneurs •Women Empowerment: Global Perspectives •Women Entrepreneurship in India Successful Women Entrepreneurs in India of 21st Century •Challenges before Women Entrepreneurs •Conclusion 6. Self-Help Group and Microfinance 95 Introduction •What is Self-Help Group? Features of Self- Help Group •Importance of Microfinance •Grameen Bank •Microfinance in India •Success Story of Microfinance •Poverty Eradication •Women Empowerment •Shortcoming of Microfinance •Conclusion 7. Human Rights 115 Introduction •Meaning of the Concept •Importance of Human Rights •National Human Rights Commission •Universal Declaration of Human Rights •International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights •International Covenant