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This work is the result of an investigation into the working of the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation, entrusted to the author by the Government of Andhra Pradesh in February 1982 in view of the consistently increasing losses being incurred by the Corporation. The study makes an incisive analysis of the working of the Corporation in its different aspects. It makes a detailed examination of the factors– external, i.e., inflation, governmental and social, and internal i.e., operational managerial and organizational that influenced the profitability of the organization and the extent to which each of these contributed to the losses of the organization. A number of suggestions have been made, based on the findings to tone up the operational managerial and organizational efficiency, to make appropriate changes in the governmental policies concerning the organization and in regard to the internal policies of the organization. Apart from the recommendations, such as automatic linkage of fares with costs, subject ot efficiency considerations, and many others, the most important recommendation made is in respect of the organizational set up of the APSRTC. The study is of relevance not only to the Government of Andhra Pradesh, in its policy and attitude to the APSRTC and to the APSRTC but also to all the state governments in the country in their attempts to tone up the working of State Road Transport Corporations and to the State Road Transport undertakings. It is also of interest ot the academics interested in the economic, managerial and organizational aspects of the working of the nationalized road transport industry in the country.